Credibility

Reference library

Selected credible sources prioritized for guidelines, systematic reviews/meta-analyses, longitudinal, and peer-reviewed studies. Links point to original publications or official classifications where available. Not exhaustive.

Classification and clinical framing

  1. World Health Organization. (2019/2022). ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics: 6C72 Compulsive sexual behaviour disorder. icd.who.int
  2. Kraus, S. W., Krueger, R. B., Briken, P., et al. (2018). Compulsive sexual behaviour disorder in the ICD-11. World Psychiatry, 17(1), 109–110. doi:10.1002/wps.20499
  3. Grubbs, J. B., Hoagland, K. C., Lee, B. N., et al. (2020). Sexual addiction 25 years on: A systematic and methodological review. Clinical Psychology Review, 82, 101925. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101925

PPU measurement and correlates

  1. Bőthe, B., Tóth-Király, I., Zsila, Á., et al. (2018). The Development of the Problematic Pornography Consumption Scale (PPCS). Journal of Sex Research, 55(3), 395–406. doi:10.1080/00224499.2017.1291798
  2. Bőthe, B., Tóth-Király, I., Potenza, M. N., et al. (2020). High-frequency pornography use may not always be problematic. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 17(4), 793–811. doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2020.01.007
  3. Grubbs, J. B., Perry, S. L., Wilt, J. A., & Reid, R. C. (2019). Pornography problems due to moral incongruence. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 48, 425–438. doi:10.1007/s10508-018-1248-x
  4. Fernandez, D. P., & Griffiths, M. D. (2021). Psychometric instruments for problematic pornography use: A systematic review. Evaluation & the Health Professions, 44(2), 111–141. doi:10.1177/0163278719861698

Relationships and longitudinal research

  1. Vaillancourt-Morel, M.-P., Blais-Lecours, S., Labadie, C., et al. (2017). Profiles of cyberpornography use and sexual well-being in adults. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 14(1), 78–85. doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.10.016
  2. Wright, P. J., Tokunaga, R. S., Kraus, A., & Klann, E. (2017). A meta-analysis of pornography consumption and actual acts of sexual aggression. Journal of Communication, 67(6), 884–915. doi:10.1111/jcom.12201 (illustrates need to interpret associations cautiously and contextually)
  3. Perry, S. L. (2017). Does viewing pornography reduce marital quality over time? Archives of Sexual Behavior, 46, 549–559. doi:10.1007/s10508-016-0770-y
  4. Grubbs, J. B., & Perry, S. L. (2019). Moral incongruence and pornography use: A critical review. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 48, 397–415. doi:10.1007/s10508-018-1234-3
  5. Kohut, T., & Štulhofer, A. (2018). Is pornography use a risk for adolescent well-being? Longitudinal evidence. Journal of Adolescent Health, 62(6), 685–692. doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.11.298

Neuroscience, mechanisms, and interventions context

  1. Voon, V., Mole, T. B., Banca, P., et al. (2014). Neural correlates of sexual cue reactivity in individuals with and without compulsive sexual behaviours. PLOS ONE, 9(7), e102419. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0102419
  2. Brand, M., Wegmann, E., Stark, R., et al. (2019). The Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model for addictive behaviors. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 104, 1–10. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.06.032
  3. Hides, L., Quinn, C., Stoyanov, S., et al. (2022). Psychological interventions for compulsive sexual behaviour disorder/compulsive sexual behaviour: A systematic review. Current Addiction Reports, 9, 166–180. doi:10.1007/s40429-022-00419-6 (notes emerging/limited evidence base for specific therapies)
Evidence strength & limitations: Prioritize systematic reviews/meta-analyses, clinical frameworks, and longitudinal studies where available. Many findings are correlational, rely on self-report/convenience samples, or show mixed results. Direct, high-quality evidence for PPU-specific treatment outcomes and for some lifestyle habits remains limited in places.